Rocket Boys Essay Example For Students

Rocket Boys Essay Rocket Boys, an energizing diary of a gathering of young men who are keen on rocketry, was composed by Homer Hickam Jr. This personal book tells about Homers undertakings with his rocketry companions. While Homer is propelling these rockets, he manages such issues as school, companions, and his useless family. His dad, the administrator of the neighborhood coalmine, objects to his structure of rockets, and needs him to turn into an excavator. His mom, then again, is asking on Homer since she realizes that the mine is perilous and can murder her child. Indeed, even with such a great amount of going on around him, Homer and the rocket young men continue building and shooting off rockets. This story occurred in Coalwood, a mining town in the West Virginian mountains, and in the encompassing towns. This story happened around 1957 to 1961 and secured Homers whole secondary school years. There were some significant occasions in this book. The main occasion occurred in 1957 when the awestruck Homer looked as the Russian satellite Sputnik floated over Coalwood as it made its unbelievable circle around the earth. This propelled Homer to begin building and propelling rockets. The second significant occasion in this book came about when a rocket that was propelled by the young men really flew. Up until this point, the entirety of their rockets had quite recently been duds. Their satisfaction was muted however, when they discovered that the rocket had struck one of the mines numerous production lines. Homers father was insulted and forebade him to dispatch additional rockets on organization property, which comprised of about everything inside a two-mile range of the town. Anot her significant occasion was when Homer won the national science reasonable. This was the last fixing required for the rocket young men to be acknowledged by the town. Sadly, it took the entirety of their secondary school a long time to accomplish this. The last significant occasion in this story happened when Homers father, who had protested his starting of rockets, propelled the last rocket the rocket young men made before they headed off to college. This was the farthest rocket they at any point propelled, and Homers father apologized for the manner in which he had acted and advised Homer to go out and pursue his fantasy. The most energizing piece of this book was when Homer went to the national science reasonable. It was incredibly dramatic, and I wasnt sure if Homer was going to win the reasonable. In the event that this book were a fiction book, it is anything but difficult to figure that Homer would win the reasonable, but since this was a life story, it was not all that anti cipated. Homer is a notable individual since he is living evidence that on the off chance that you make enough of an effort, you can accomplish your objective. He additionally added to the NASA space program is as yet working with NASA today. From perusing this book I learned not just authentic things, for example, how to ascertain how high a rocket voyages or the correct method to blend an unstable, yet in addition how to manage any family issues and what a kinship implies. These things are imperative to know for an amazing duration. The writer unquestionably had a reason recorded as a hard copy this book, and that was to show the peruser, regardless of whether youthful or old, these significant exercises. Of the considerable number of realities given in this book, I would not differ with any of them, in light of the fact that the individual composing this book is a specialist. I was unable to discover anything even remotely amiss with his composition. I altogether delighted in this book, since it is tied in with something I can identify with. I am keen on rocketry, and construct my own rockets. I would prescribe this book to anybody with an objective, since it sends the message that in the event that you make a decent attempt you can achieve it. The perusing level in this book is troublesome, and yet, any hard jargon is clarified sometime in the future. With everything taken into account, this was a fabulous book

Analysis of Biff in Death of a Salesman

Camilla Tanzi Year 12 An examination of the character of Biff. Biff Loman is depicted as the foundation of Willy’s psychological sickness and precariousness. He is likewise the main individual from his family who recognizes his own disappointments throughout everyday life. Overall, Biff Loman stands apart as the most charming and solid character in â€Å"Death of a Salesman. He is anything but an effective man and never will be, he is anyway ready to concede this, even in a cruel society as the one of the 1960s America. Biff realizes he is a â€Å"nothing† and attempts to make his dad see that he is â€Å"no good.I am extremely common, Pop, as are you. † He asks for Willy to speak with him and acknowledge him for what his identity is. Albeit Willy is constrained by Biff to see his very own portion disappointments, he never acknowledges that Biff will turn out a similar way. Toward the finish of the play, Biff appears to have built up his very own quality; he has confronted and acknowledged reality with regards to himself and his dad. Since he recognizes his issues, there is an expectation that he will have the option to arrive at his latent capacity. On the off chance that â€Å"Death of a Salesman† offers any expectation, it is just through the character of Biff. Likewise read: Expressionism in Death of a SalesmanMiller infers quite possibly he will one day have the option to carry on with a typical life, away from the shadow of Willy Loman. Biff invigorates responses out of his father’s lunacy and is depicted as the fundamental driver of Willy’s issues. We comprehend that Willy has been an awful effect on his child and disregarding this; he has huge desire for Biff and wouldn't like to concede that he will never arrive at the objectives he wants for him. Being Willy’s most established child, Biff is by all accounts the ideal kid to his father.However, as the play creates and particularly when it shifts from Willy’s dreams to the truth, we see an adjustment in his mentality towards his child. At the point when Biff was the star rugby player, the main thing that made a difference to Willy was his accomplishment in the game. In actuality, when Bernard advises Willy and Biff about the chance of him being â€Å"flunke d in math†, Willy’s answer is hardened and presumptuous: â€Å"Don’t be an irritation, Bernard! (To his young men) What a sickly! † The utilization of the word â€Å"anaemic† is an ideal guide to show what the man’s ethics are; he looks at Bernard as a young person who needs essentialness, boring.The creator might be suggesting that Willy is really desirous of Bernard and despite the fact that he doesn’t need to let it out, his is simply envy when he shows abhorrence towards him. Willy has various desire for his sons’ fates than a great many people had for theirs at that point; he accepts that game will be sufficient to assist Biff with prevailing in the business world, make him rich and infamous; â€Å"That’s exactly what I mean, Bernard can get the best grades in school, y’understand, however when he gets out in the business world, y’understand, you’re going to be multiple times in front of him. Ar thur Miller gives us a ton of proof that Willy has been an awful effect on Biff. While Biff is somehow or another urgent to dazzle his dad, he is additionally cognizant about the way that Willy has bombed his endeavor to be effective in his profession. He considers his dad’s dreams materialistic and inaccessible. In actuality, in the Requiem, considerably after his father’s demise, Biff says: â€Å"He had an inappropriate dreams. All, all off-base. † Unlike Happy and Willy, Biff is mindful and values realities; Willy never was an effective sales rep and he never needed to confront the truth.On the other hand, Biff is cognizant about his disappointments and the shortcomings of his character. During a contention with his dad, Biff concedes that his father made him â€Å"so pompous as a boy† that now he just can’t handle taking requests from a chief. I think this is the thing that really separates Biff from the remainder of his family; he is straightf orward and true about himself and would prefer to deal with a farm than attempt to be fruitful in a work field that he realizes will never acknowledge him. Biff is additionally the main character that goes about as an update that the American Dream isn't an each man’s dream.Bernard has become an effective legal advisor as his dad Charley, Willy and Happy attempt to imagine they have as well, yet Biff is the one in particular who gives up to his predetermination. As opposed to looking for progress and cash, he needs a fundamental life taking a shot at farms. He doesn't attempt to drive into the horde of individuals focusing on a great job and an affluent way of life, however rather needs to be recognized the truth about: â€Å"Happy: The main thing is-what would you be able to make out there? Biff: But take a gander at your companion. Constructs a home and afterward doesn’t have the genuine feelings of serenity to live in it. As it were, Miller is attempting to reveal to us that Americans are made casualties of the country’s achievement. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† appears to contend that America all in all doesn't esteem individuals who search for straightforward delights, for example, working in the open country, and the American Dream pushes individuals to just focus on employments in the business. It is unexpected how Bernard ends up succeeding as a fruitful and notable legal counselor. It is unexpected in light of the fact that during secondary school Willy used to ridicule him for concentrating hard and consistently adulated Biff for not learning at all.Bernard is introduced as a feeble and timid character and Miller needs us to accept that Biff will end up being effective instead of him and not the opposite. Be that as it may, things turned out diversely to how both Willy and Biff anticipated that them should. Bernard’s achievement aggravates Willy in light of the fact that his own sons’ lives don't match Bernard ’s: â€Å"(after a delay): I’m-I’m thrilled to perceive how you measured up Bernard, excited. It’s a urging thing to see a youngster super Looks generally excellent for Biff-very (He severs, at that point) Bernard-(He is so loaded with feeling, he severs once more). By and by, Biff is the reason for his father’s despair; he wouldn't like to seek after Willy’s dreams, he needs some different option from material things from life, and this devastates the man. Biff has gained from his dad that to be â€Å"well-liked† and appealing are the most significant elements for progress. Up to now, I have just examined the contrasts among Biff and Willy, be that as it may, it is likewise critical to feature the couple of likenesses between the two characters. At the point when he was a high school kid, Willy’s expert on Biff was evident.We find that when the three Loman men are discussing Bernard, Biff echoes little bits of his father†™s see on life when he says that his companion is â€Å"liked however not well-liked†. This infers Biff once used to have regard towards Willy; he appreciated his solid character and affirmed his view on the business world. Biff Loman knows that he won't prevail as a sales rep or some other activity without his maths degree. Then again, his dad is persuaded he will and doesn't what to confront the truth of realities. Be that as it may, towards the finish of the play we see a change in both the men’s attitudes.As an obvious certainty, they have exchanged conclusions; â€Å"Biff: (shocked, gets down on one knee before Willy): Dad, I’ll make great, I’ll make great. (Willy attempts to get to his feet. Biff holds him down. ) Sit down at this point. Willy: No, you’re nothing but bad, you’re no decent for anything. † Biff is presently frantic and is clearly stressed for his father’s emotional well-being and attempts to urge him to b e certain in any capacity he can-regardless of whether this includes deceiving himself about his latent capacity. As I recently referenced in my presentation, Biff is by all accounts the main character that offers any expectation at all in â€Å"Death of a Salesman†.At the start of the play, he educates the crowd regarding his fantasies about living in the south: â€Å"What the damnation am I doing, messing with ponies, twenty-eight dollars per week! I’m thirty-four years of age, I oughta be makin’ my future. That’s when I coming running home. What's more, presently, I arrive, and I don’t recognize how to manage myself. † This plainly shows biff tries to better things, however doesn't have a clue what to do in a modern city as New York. He needs to succeed and fabricate a future, and yet he appreciates the delights of living in the open country and not having any stress.Here is the place we comprehend that Biff is on a very basic level langu id. He might want to have a quite affluent life, however he simply doesn't have the quality or the inspiration to work for it. Overall, through the deceptions that Willy accepts, he can't consider Biff to be a â€Å"nobody† and can't acknowledge that he won’t be fruitful as he trusts. In the long run, Biff at long last observes reality and understands that he is â€Å"no incredible pioneer of men†. He additionally fathoms the hallucinations that Willy lived on. Biff is bound to no enormity, yet he no longer needs to battle to comprehend what he needs to do with his life; â€Å"I know who I am, kid. †

Astronomy in Paradise Lost

Astronomy in Paradise Lost While I read Paradise Lost, I think about astronomy. I know what youre thinking: what else is new? You yawn and ask whether I salivate and breathe while reading  Paradise Lost.   I know, I know! But read this description of our home planet in Book II and youll see what I mean: And fast by hanging in a golden chain This pendent world in bigness as a star Of smallest magnitude close by the moon. (II.1051-3) Im not sure what Milton means by magnitude. In astronomy, we use the word magnitude to describe how bright an object is. Milton could definitely have known that technical term, because he spent a lot of time talking with Galileo. Magnitude here could also have meant importance. The term could be ambiguous by design, since Milton is fond of wordplay and double meaning. Regardless of his intention, when I read that passage I saw this in my mind: Thats a photograph of our little blue pendant world, close by the moon and somewhere near the bigness of a star. Theres no golden chain to be seen, although I suppose you could think of the chain as a metaphor for our ecosystems fragility. The Cassini spacecraft snapped that picture last year and, although its only made up of two little fuzzy blobs, I personally think its one of the most beautiful pictures ever taken in astronomy. Heres another one (context: Satan is traveling to Heaven) Down right into the worlds first region throws His flight precipitant and winds with ease Through the pure marble air his oblique way Amongst innumerable stars that shone Stars distant, but nigh hand seemed other worlds. (III.563-6) Spot on! In 1992, Alex Wolszczan and Dale Frail discovered the very first planets outside our solar system   extrasolar planets, or exoplanets orbiting a pulsar. Ive had interactions with both of these dudes: I attended a talk by Wolszczan about a year ago (at this conference) and I was visiting the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Socorro NM when Dale Frail gave a teatime presentation about the discovery of FRBs (Fast Radio Burstsvery unfortunately nicknamed furbies by some astronomers). I borrowed a few papers from Dale, didnt realize he needed them back that evening, took them with me on a field trip, then found out through a phone call that Dale really wanted his papers back since he was about to leave town. Mortified, I had to sprint across the VLA to hand the papers back to Dale, who happened to be on-site. AHHHH! Anyway, the study of extrasolar planets is now one of the hottest sub-fields in astronomy. Professors Sara Seager and Josh Winn are spearheading efforts at MIT, and TESS is going to revolutionize our big-picture of these other worlds. Recently, a study predicted that 20% of all sun-like stars in our galaxy have an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone (the goldilocks zone not too close to the star and hot, not too far away and cold). Is in the habitable zone is a very different thing from habitable, and habitable is a very different thing from inhabited, but its still very exciting stuff. There are many more instances in Paradise Lost of Miltons astronomy interest (including the phrase glazed optic tube for telescope) but Ill finish off with a discussion of light. Ultimately, astronomy is about collecting light. Our eyes are pretty good detectors, so for many centuries astronomers relied on them. For example, when Galileo stuck his eye at the end of a telescope, photons from Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Io entered his eye after traveling ~800,000 kilometers across the solar system and voila! Galileo literally saw the moons of Jupiter. Nowadays, we can do much better than human sight by building increasingly advanced cameras. We can even see invisible light, by building detectors designed to make sense of radio light, x-ray light, infrared light, etc. When John Milton wrote PL, he was completely blind. Presumably because of that, the blind narrator of PL (who Im not convinced is Milton himself) takes detours from storytelling to discuss the nature of light and sight, and I think its totally fascinating that he chooses to discuss astronomy and telescopes at all. One major idea presented is that light has an eternal-physical duality: the essence of light is eternal, and it is a manifestation of that essence that we see as a shining beam. Nowadays, of course, we would say that light has wave-particle duality, and that in a way a particle we detect is a manifestation of the wave, but Milton hadnt taken 8.04 so it would have been kind of unreasonable to expect that from him. I think that the blind Milton found comfort in the idea that we dont need eyes to detect the essence of light, and that even the best telescopes cant protect us from every kind of shroud. For example, a good liar can deceive even the sharpest detectors. In Book III, Gods right-hand sharp-sighted angel Uriel is deceived by Satan in disguise, and the result of this deceit is that Uriel gives Satan directions to the Garden of Eden. This inspires the blind Milton narrator to pray to light for a deeper kind of sight, in my favorite passage of the book so far: …celestial Light, Shine inward and the mind through all her powers Irradiate. There plant eyes. All mist from thence Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell Of things invisible to mortal sight! (III.51-5)

Struggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Struggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Widow Douglas, she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldnt stand it no longer, I lit out. The aforementioned quotation best describes Hucks philosophy when faced with ties that bind. When he is unable to take the restrictions of life any longer, whether they be emotional or physical, he simply releases himself and goes back to what he feels is right and what makes him happy. Hence, one of the most prominent and important themes of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is freedom. Freedom not only from†¦show more content†¦Although Huck ultimately does what he feels is right, the reader is left with a sense that the issue is not completely eradicated from Hucks conscience. Another freedom Huck struggles for is freedom from the two unhealthy family ties he has. The first being the attempted civilization of Huck by the Widow Douglas, and the second being Hucks desire to escape the wrath of his dangerous and abusive father. Whereby the Widow Douglas tries to better Huck as a person, Hucks father tries to drag Huck down to his level. Because these forces are pulling Huck in opposing directions Huck is forced to find freedom from each differently. The fact that Huck gives a valid attempt at conformity signifies that he has somewhat of an interest in becoming what is considered normal, and thereby pleasing the Widow Douglas. There is a sense that Huck has a genuine gratitude towards the Widow Douglas for taking an interest in his well being, especially since she appears to be the only one that does so. However, given that his attempts are short-lived, it can be assumed that Hucks desire to adhere to his personal virtues overpowers his desire to become civilized or to please the Widow Douglas. In contrast, Huck appears to have no desire to have a relationship with his father. At one point in the story Huck does not even know if his father is alive or not, and apparently does not care to know. Because of his fathersShow MoreRelated Comparing the Struggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Native Son813 Words   |  4 PagesStruggle for Freedom in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Native Son Throughout history, great authors have served as sentinels for racism and prejudice in American society. The Mark Twain novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a graphic story of 1840s America that depicts the plight of an uneducated black slave named Jim moved many to empathize with African-Americans. Compassion against the evils of slavery soon spread across the country. A war-torn America abolished slavery in 1865. HoweverRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesJhonatan Zambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of theRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn800 Words   |  4 Pages The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an action-packed adventure about Huckleberry Finn, an extraordinary young boy growing up along the Mississippi River. The author, Mark Twain, established rigid conflict and left his readers in disbelief over some of the occurrences in the book. All adventure long, Huck and his comrades must adapt to keep their dreams alive. Huck becomes a better person from experiencing all the hardships that he endured, whether it is being thankful for his friends or becomingRead MoreEssay on Comparison Between Frederick Douglass and Huckleberry Finn734 Words   |  3 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass AND the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Comparison Essay By: Evan Weinstock Period 7 3/11/13 During the period around The Civil War the country was in a major change and the issue slavery was at the forefront. Racial tensions were very high as most Northerners wanted the slaves to be free and all slaves wanted their freedom. During this time period of pre, during and post-Civil War many books and narratives of people’s lives and experiences where writtenRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1346 Words   |  6 Pages An in depth look at â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† Racism was an ever present evil that was prevelant during the 1830s and 1840s that lead to a multitude of wrongdoings against blacks. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a young child name Huck and how he matures in a society teeming with racism. While on his adventure, he must learn to make tough, adult-like decisions. He travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave who later becomes one his his greatest friends. In MarkRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1423 Words   |  6 Pagesstill going on. In this book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain was a prime example of how most children were raised to be and how it produced a wrong perception on slaves. Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because of a direct effect off of his personal experiences in his time. Any difference in another human shouldn’t determine greeting or befriending another person was the message Mark Twain was trying to send was due to the struggles he seen a slave go through whichRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn2015 Words   |  9 PagesSamuel Clemens, produced The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A few years prior to the publishing of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain released possibly his most famous book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which is very much an adventure novel. In the early chapters of Twain’s sequel, it appears that ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another adventure novel, and that it is just following a different character from Twain’s earlier world of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. However, itRead More Racism In Huck Finn Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pages The conflict between society and the individual is a theme portrayed throughout Twains Huckleberry Finn. Huck was not raised in accord with the accepted ways of civilization. Huck faces many aspects of society, which makes him choose his own individuality over civilization. He p ractically raises himself, relying on instinct to guide him through life. As portrayed several times in the novel, Huck chooses to follow his innate sense of right, yet he does not realize that his own instincts are moreRead MoreHuckleberry Finn and the use of Satire Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pages Huck Finn and the use of Satire Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been controversial ever since its release in 1884. It has been called everything from the root of modern American literature to a piece of racist trash. Many scholars have argued about Huck Finn being prejudiced. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses satire to mock many different aspects of the modern world. Despite the fact that many critics have accused Mark Twain’s novel of promoting racismRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Murtagh And Huckleberry Finn 1262 Words   |  6 PagesMurtagh and Huck Finn In great works of literature many of the same traits and characteristics appear in the main characters. Adventure books where you find Heroes and villains in a constant struggle to thwart the others efforts are where you could notice the reoccurring traits the most. Heroes are often very similar, demonstrating similar strengths and weaknesses. I compare Huckleberry Finn, to Murtagh of the Inheritance series. Although Murtagh is not the main protagonist, he is most certainly

Essay about Geeting Ready for Prime Time I Want to Go to...

Getting Ready for Prime Time According to a report from the Century Foundation, with 11 million students, community colleges are home to 45 percent of the collegiate population in the United States; in that same report, 81.4 percent of students who enter community colleges for the first time planned to obtain a bachelors degree in the future, but just 11.6 percent achieved that goal. I have attended college once and failed; I plan to succeed this time by recognizing the potential opportunities, by overcoming the challenges, by listening to advisors and by utilizing effective strategies. As a child, I always wanted to go to college but because of circumstances beyond my control, I was not even able to complete high school. I had to drop†¦show more content†¦When I started here I had my own car; a week into school I lost my car. I am now using my daughter’s car at least until she picks it up. I’m praying and hoping for a miracle between now and then otherwise I know it will be difficult for me to get here as I live in Portsmouth. Since I’ve been here I’ve had my house broken into and with that my lap top was stolen which keeps me from being able to do a lot of the work I would normally do at home. I have had many challenges in my lifetime, but it seems that every time I make a conscious effort to go back to school things go haywire. When my house was broken into last week I really felt like giving up, because too much has happened to me over the last three months. I lost my full time job, I got sick and was even in the bed for a sh ort time due to a twisted ankle/feet. The blows just keep on coming, but with each challenge, I lean on my faith in God knowing that He will not put any more on me than I can bear. I believe that if He takes me to it He will bring me through it. Many times I have had to remind myself of the faith of David in the Old Testament and encourage myself in the Lord. However, I will not give in to the fear. I am determined to do all that I can to complete and pass this class. Giving up is not an option. Because I’m aware of the many challenges, I will not hesitate to ask for expert advice. I will stay focused, determined and optimistic which are some of the things my personal

Toolwire Free Essays

The immune system factor in both Blake’s and Kevin’s issues this week helped them by not letting them get sick. Both Blake and Kevin were present around some individuals that where sick. If you have a healthy strong immune system it will fight off infectonist diseases. We will write a custom essay sample on Toolwire or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most common disease that is transfered or caught from one another is a cold. To prevent yourself from catching this infection cover your nose and mouth with you sleeve or shirt. Make sure you have and sanatizer with you at all times. After you touch a surface of a busy place or like for an good example say your in a hospital and there is people all around you sneezing and coughing you could go get a face mask and put it on. There are many ways you can prevent getiing an infection by carry hand sanitizer, or wash your hands, cover your mouth and nose around other people who are sick, or just stay home. These are just some suggestions. The immune system plays a very big role in everyones life. Some people have a very weak immune system unlike Blake and Kevin they could get sick or catch the infection faster than Blake and Kevin. Q1: 5 From what i have learned i will strat eating more healthier foods. I will cut back in going to a fast food resturaunts. i will get out and exercise more. I will also start reading foos labels when i go in the store with my mom to get grocreies. I will also tell my mom to start reading food labels and start getting more healhier food such as broccoli, carrorts, and more organic type foods. I will also cut back on using salt while cooking. I will try to get outside and exercise more. I will walk for about 3 miles one day. On another day I will jog for about a mile. Then on another i could ride a bike till i get tired. But before i do all that I will stretch muscles and strat off at a slow pace. Then i will start walking my dogs one day at a time. Walking them all at the same time will not workout. instead of me walking them they will be walking me. But maintaining a healthy diet and excersie daily and stay away from junk food will make you feel better. It will boost up your engery leave and you will be able to do more. Q2: The main health issue in June’s apartment was the ventalation system. She found out that her a apartment building was old and had mildew in the are. This was such an easy problem to fix. She could either move to a different apartment or get a air purfirer. She did not want to move because she did not want to leave her parents. So they brought her a air purfirer. This seems to help her out alot better. She seemed to like that better than having to move and leave her parents behind. The air purfirer works pretty good in June’s condition. It kept her from having to move all belongs out of that apartment into a new one. And she would have to try and look for one about the same price or more than what she has to par for her apartment. It also saved her money from having the inspector people come and look at because the mold can real bad and they tell her the can’t come back in her apartment for a few days or a few weeks depending on how bad the infestation is. But i think she made a right choice by geting the air purfirer. Q3: This experience of being a health coach improved my understandin of health and wellness by showing me that i need to start eating healthy and making the right decison when it comes to eating. It will also help me stick to a regular diet. It helped me understand how i could start doing things to better my life. It will help prevent me form getting diabetes, cancer, or developing cardiovascular disease. Being fit and healthy will also change the mood your in. If i was to eat better foods than i do now i wouldn’t be grouchy all the time. But it’s going to be hard for me to change my eating life style because i’m use to eat non healthy foods. I know this is making my risk high for getting an disease such as diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease or make getting all three at the same time. Which will be really bad. I’ll try to start eating better and getting more help with maintaining a healthy diet. But if eat healthy will help me for getting one of those diseases even though it runs in my family i’m up for the challange. Being healthy is a big part of life. Being healthy will make your days more enjoyable, happier, and full of engery. This will also make you havean positive attitude towards that day and alos towards the people you work with. I think i need to start eating better and i would be less grumpy everyday. How to cite Toolwire, Papers

Emerson Transaction Hub A Bright Idea That’s Paying Off

Question: 1. Briefly describe the business processes supported by a Supply Chain Management (SCM) information system. In a global business like Emerson what are the advantages and disadvantages of using a SCM information system? With Emersons many divisions using different suppliers, what would be the benefits of using a single SCM information system for all of its divisions?. 2. Global companies like Emerson have suppliers, manufacturing, distribution, and retail operations. List and briefly describe the technologies and devices (used for input, output, and communication) that are used with SCM information systems. Choose two different input devices and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. Discuss the benefits that they provide to the business.. 3. Consider that you have to implement a new SCM information system for Emerson. Describe each of the different implementation options. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different implementation options. Make a recommendation and justify.. 4. Modern SCM information systems and with the use of other technologies have supported businesses in improving environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. Research and find an example. Briefly describe the system and how it works and how carbon emissions where reduced. Discuss what decision making is performed and how does the SCM information system contribute to the decision making. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to the business. Answer: 1) Supply Chain Management supports various business processes like that of stock administration, request administration, logistics, acquirement, determining and additionally arranging, and that of return administration. This is useful for the organizations working in the current business environment to attain to and also keep up focused edge by upgrading their streamline and additionally encouraging all operations. A firm may expand cost adequacy, upgrade profit, and furnish them with expanded capabilities in the most aggressive business environment. With the quick advancement in information technology (IT) and information system integration (ISI) and its part in incorporated store network administration have been able to be basic to different specialists and officials. ISI addresses the level of cooperation in practices of data framework between the capacities of business inside a firm and between a firm and its accomplices for exchanging. It has been accounted for that the presentation and utilization of ISI for inventory network administration update the associations' advancement and intensity (Jitpaiboon, 2005). While various firms focus on achieving a lot of IT use, without high measures of ISI, parts of store network administration may not achieve the full preferences of working inside an inventory network. As indicated by the connection of various leveled production network, the data innovation grants "various relationship to work together with the exercises of the association that encourage to truly manage a production ne twork". For current business firms like that of the Emerson, production network administration may end up being tremendously valuable from multiple points of view. It furnishes the business with favorable element inside the commercial center that aides in moderating the dangers identified with the procuring of crude materials and also convey of items or administrations. With fruitful execution of production network administration framework, the firm may diminish waste, delivery defers, and even overhead expenses enormously. A portion of the points of interest of inventory network administration upon the business firm may be enrolled as: quality affirmation where the firm may enhance its operation by method for powerful quality systems; stock cradles where the store network administration framework incorporate the level of the stock cradle with consideration examination of past patterns. Frequently the idea of variability inside client using requests for administration of inventories in way w hich minimizes beginning holding expense amid producing sufficient adaptability to fulfill customer requests. An alternate point of interest the framework may render is danger alleviation. The framework helps in arranging dangers and evaluating the potential for different disappointments whether inner or outer. Without such a framework, this specified firm may experience the ill effects of legitimate dangers and liabilities(Kart, Moser and Melliar-Smith, 2010). Execution of such a supply chain management system framework bears a few disadvantages too. The most concerning negative mark is that of the substantial venture of fund, assets, and time that are obliged to execute and additionally keep up the framework. The choice of outsourcing of an item or administration decreases the cost of business of a firm by method for supply chain management system; however it can bring about customer recoil. It is insufficient just to consider cost and in addition quality, however a firm needs to verify that each members of the organization participates for profiting the firm. 2) To stay competitive globally it is very important to incorporate the latest technologies in the supply chain management. This is because there is high increase in the demand of the customers and also their expectation about the service and quality. Thus the managers of supply chain management have realized that the technologies ensure better visibility and accountability. The latest technology helps the organization to keep a track of production, anticipate and repair the mistakes and make changes for providing the best quality product. Through the utilization of latest technologies, the manager can monitor and automate the notification system of the supply chain. Technologies like electronic invoice, computerized tracking and shipping are also the key technological components of supply chain system that for keep the satisfaction level of the customers high (Vella, 2012). Also the smart phones and related apps are adding value to the supply chain management system. For excellent warehousing operations the managers of supply chain can use the barcode scanning, speech recognition features, keyboard capabilities, smart phones and tablet computers. All these technologies are making the supply chain process more convenient, flexible and mobile which is helping the managers to coordinate the process with each supply chain links, regardless of the location they are in. Then the cloud computing are enhancing the tracking process of products and materials by providing a real-time status and also by increasing the inventory levels and production schedules (Djelloul, Estampe and Lamouri, 2012). The two most important inputs that can be used for effective supply chain management are (Nair, Raju and S P, n.d.): EDI( Electronic Data Interchange) for communicating among the branches Bar-Coding and Scanners system in the logistic systems The EDI (Electronic data Interchange) can be used by the firms like Emerson, to facilitate exchange of information and transactions. It can be termed as an automatic process that helps to exchange structured data via computers. EDI has various advantages like that it provides information timely with efficient and accurate data about the sales, it can be used for sending invoices, lading bills, dispatch confirmation and also details of shipping and various other information that can be used to for organization. This system makes the overall process more quick, makes the customer service better, reduces paper work, improves expediting and tracing and also increases productivity. Through this technology, the partners of supply chain can overcome exaggeration and distortion in the demand and supply information through real time status. However, utilizing this technology might sometimes create issues for supply chain management system. There is a need of regular updates for the EDI system s. The systems should be provided with electronic protection or else there might be issues of fraud, hacking and virus. Firms like Emerson need to also invest in the backup systems ad there is chance of failure of systems (Ryan, 2013). Similarly, Bar Code Scanners are also useful form checking and tracking the codes. This scanner can widely be used to track and identify the goods at every stage of the process. Through this technology, the suppliers can identify the goods received and also the stocks. The bar-code can also be used for store location and dispatch the stock recorded. This increases the speed of the supply chain operations. However, there exist some disadvantages of using this technology. The supply chain partners might face issues if the bar codes are vandalized and there is chance of system failure which might delay the process. Any kind of crumpled and scratched barcodes also causes issues (Basker, 2012). 3) For effective operation of the business, there is a need of effective supply chain management process. There are various options to make the supply chain process of the organizations like Emerson. These include (Toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au, n.d.): Logistic management which can be applied to coordinate with various stages of supply chain like risk management, scheduling, planning, disposal and recycling, wastage, goods handling, warehousing and storage, facility location and transportation. Some of the issues of this option include determining the tracking value and also tracking the routing and warranty status. Inventory management: In this stage the organization can avoid excess stock of storage, distribution and production and also reduce the cost of stock. This process helps to make the demand of customers available efficiently. Inaccuracy is one of the most common problems of inventory, also the capacity issues equate the issues of inventory are some of the issues of inventory management. Total Quality Management: This is effort that the organization can put in to make continuous improvement in the process of supply chain. There are two major issues that can lead to issues one is the lack of knowledge about the system and also their business experience and another is the shortage of human and financial resource. Strategic Outsourcing: This helps to decrease the supply chain cost and also manage negative results like unreliability and quality. Challenges like optimization of various product lines, keeping pace with the fast followers and also reducing the international delivery cost are faced by the supply chain partners. Partnerships for Supply Chain: This formed among two different firms for increasing the stability level and also encouraging the commitment towards reaching the goals. This option involves choosing the right partners and also recognizing the opportunities. However, choosing with right partners is one of the main issue because there are lot of partners in the market whose expertise are to make the supply chain process more effective and efficient. Utilizing latest technology: This can be implemented to make the process of supply chain more accurate and effective. Here analytic systems and resource planning systems should be utilized to progress the efficiency and helps the decision makers to make effective decisions. Implementation of latest technologies or upgrading the system incurs huge cost. Thus, it is a costly option. Customer Service: Some of the factors that has to be taken care of for maintain the best customer service are delivery time, product suitability, supply quantity, pricing and after sales service. One of the issues with this option is the changing demands of the customers. The best recommended option is to utilize a flexible approach to design, develop and implement the solutions of supply chain problems. This flexible approach includes the strategic analysis, specification and implementation. The special agenda to implement the supply chain process is carry out individual project teams and categorize the team in to designing, re-engineering and reinforcing processes (Zigiaris, 2000). This would help to keep the system updated and also make the strategic, operational, and tactical decisions effectively. 4) There is an increase in the rising concerns for the environment by both customers and also firms. The organizations are focusing on innovative model that helps the suppliers to invest in the saving the environment which would help to sustain in the competitive market. For example Tesco, that aims at linking the line of products with the efforts of sustainability directly and promotes healthy environment relationship. This helps the organization to enhance the community. The main aim of Tesco is to run a zero-carbon emission business by the year 2050. They have decided to reduce the impact by emphasizing on two methods one is tackling the changing climate and other is the utilizing the scare resources correctly. They have fixed two targets (Carbontrust.com, 2013): To divide the emission per square foot from distribution centres and stores by 2020. To decrease the distribution emission per delivered goods by 25% within 2020. They have decided to achieve these targets by decreasing the refrigerant gases leakage, using natural refrigeration, improving the efficiency of energy of the distribution centres and stores. The step Tesco had decided is to conduct analysis of carbon hotspots which would help to identify the overall carbon footprints, through which they would decide which stages of lifecycle and product categories have the highest intensity of carbon emission. Further Tesco have decided to accelerate their work by involving the stakeholders and improve their business. In the year 2007, Tesco also established the first green distribution centre in Livingston, which permitted natural light in the buildings. Tesco has also installed the rotating solar panels which help to track the sun light and increase the solar energy captured (Tesco plc, 2015). These changes have ensured towards reduction of carbon emission from the worldwide distribution of Tesco by 4.7%. They were able to decrease the emission in UK by 10% and also had transformed its fleet into 50:50 biodiesel. By utilizing the Manchester Ship Canal they were able to reduce the emission by 80% compared to its present transportation methods. The trains of Tesco had saved around 6,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide within a year. By raising the utilization of double deck trailers, Tesco has saved around 1.9million every year (Igd.com, 2008). However, the Tesco might face issues in building sustainability and awareness among the technical managers and also the buyers. Another challenge that Tesco can face is defining and identifying the carbon hotspots because this requires a deep technical knowledge which would help to examine the effectiveness of reducing the carbon emission. Third challenge is the motivation and engaging the suppliers to emphasize on reducing the carbon emission and make proper measure aligning with the objective of the business (Pe-international.com, 2011). REFERENCES Basker, E. (2012). Raising the barcode scanner. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Carbontrust.com, (2013). Tesco case study - Carbon Trust. Djelloul, S., Estampe, D. and Lamouri, S. (2012). Real-time information management in supply chain modelling tools. IJSOI, 7(4), p.294. Igd.com, (2008). Tesco - Reducing carbon emissions in distribution. Jitpaiboon, T. (2005). The Roles of Information Systems Integration in the Supply Chain Integration Context - Firm Perspective. Kart, F., Moser, L. and Melliar-Smith, P. (2010). An Automated Supply Chain Management System and Its Performance Evaluation. International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 3(2), pp.84-107 Nair, P., Raju, V. and S P, A. (n.d.). Overview of Information Technology tools for Supply Chain Management. Pe-international.com, (2011). Helping Tesco drive 30% cut in supply chain emissions by 2020 : PE INTERNATIONAL. Ryan, V. (2013). ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI). Tesco plc, (2015). Reducing our impact on the environment. Toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au, (n.d.). Supply Chain Management Strategies. Vella, D. (2012). Using technology to improve supply chain management | Supply Chain content from Global Purchasing. Zigiaris, S. (2000). Supply Chain Management Implementation Procedure.

humanities ch 27-29 Flashcard

humanities ch 27-29

Top 7 Job Market Trends That Will Help You Find a Job in 2017

Top 7 Job Market Trends That Will Help You Find a Job in 2017 So you want a new job for 2017. That’s great! Unemployment is lower than it has been in 7 years, at 5%- and even lower if you have a bachelor’s degree or higher. It’s also a great time to get a raise. Studies show workers might be able to expect a 3.1% raise this year- even higher if you’re a top performer. Here are a few job market and hiring trends to keep in mind as you head into the new year.1. There’s more out there than tech and healthcare.Those sectors are always growing, but they aren’t the only places hiring. There are plenty of opportunities for new jobs and long-range career growth in fields like marketing, sales, transportation, and finance. Aside from nursing, software development, and network/computer system admin, marketing and sales management, industrial engineering, construction, and financial management are all booming.2. If you are in software development, congratulations!This is going to be a great year for you. Almost 1 out of every 20 job postings will be right up your alley. Your skills are in incredibly high demand, particularly if you have any expertise in data analytics.3. Marketing management  is your entrance into the tech world.Some of the biggest companies like Amazon and Facebook need marketing managers. It’s the second highest volume job opportunity after software development. And it’s becoming more and more about digital consumer advertising. Beef up your analytics skills and transition into the tech field with your marketing chops.4. Millennials, your time is coming.Nearly 30% of managers these days are millennials- and we can expect that to go up in the coming year. Within the next 10 years, nearly half of these positions could be occupied by millennials- even senior and executive positions.5. Look out for an increase in video recruitment.Video is a great medium to convey company culture and to generate excitement and understanding of a company’s mission or prod uct or services. There’ll be lots more of this- even videos shot on cell phones- used for recruitment purposes. There might very well be video job postings and even actual video job offers.6. Companies are turning to data-driven recruiting.Did we mention data is key? New technology will help recruiters optimize the process, with data guiding them to better, more qualified candidates and more streamlined methods of recruiting and hiring.7. There will be a Mid-Atlantic and Southeast boom.These areas will experience the biggest hiring uptick- up from as much as 40% from last year. If you live in the Mid-Atlantic or the Southeast, or are willing to move there, your odds of getting hired just went up.

Alexander Gorsky Russian Choreographer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alexander Gorsky Russian Choreographer - Essay Example The end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century were characterized by a recovery period of the arts in Moscow, only ballet didn't experience any advances. The Moscow Ballet suffered the longest decline in its history. The theatre didn't have a position of choreographer, even in the staff list; the popularity of the theater was so low that hall was seldom filled to a one-third, and the company of the theatre included only 70 dancers. The only functioning department of the Moscow Ballet was the ballet school, for the most part, due to the talents and enthusiasm of V. Tikhomirov and I. Nikitin. Nevertheless, the Moscow Ballet required strong manager-director to change the situation with attendance and the theater repertory.Alexander Gorsky started on the position of the Moscow Ballet' choreographer with famous ballet Don Quixote". Actually, it wasn't a new development but a revision of Petipa's version. Alexander Gorsky spent 18 months to prepare the ballet for staging. He invited the famous painters Korovin and Golovin to develop the design and produce scene settings and dressing for dancers. Gorsky managed to revive the atmosphere of Spain in the ballet. Although I must admit that Gorsky staging of Don Quixote" was quite different to Petipa's one, he left some sections without a change. Gorsky interpreted ballet as an instrument in understanding a unity of art and performance."Don Quixote" was staged in 1900 and it became the herald of the Moscow Ballet recovery.... Alexander Gorsky as a director. The end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century were characterized by a recovery period of the arts in Moscow, only ballet didn't experience any advances. The Moscow Ballet suffered the longest decline in its history. The theatre didn't have position of choreographer, even in the staff list; popularity of the theater was so low that hall was seldom filled to a one-third; and the company of the theatre included only 70 dancers. The only functioning department of the Moscow Ballet was the ballet school, for the most part due to the talents and enthusiasm of V. Tikhomirov and I. Nikitin. Nevertheless the Moscow Ballet required strong manager-director to change the situation with attendance and the theater repertory. Alexander Gorsky started on the position of the Moscow Ballet' choreographer with famous ballet Don Quixote". Actually it wasn't a new development but a revision of Petipa's version. Alexander Gorsky spent 18 months to prepare the ballet for staging. He invited the famous painters Korovin and Golovin to develop design and produce scene settings and dressing for dancers. Gorsky managed to revive atmosphere of Spain in the ballet. Although I must admit that Gorsky staging of Don Quixote" was quite different to Petipa's one, he left some sections without a change. Gorsky interpreted ballet as an instrument in understanding a unity of artistism and performance. Don Quixote" was staged in 1900 and it became the herald of the Moscow Ballet recovery. In spite of the mixed comments of ballets critics, the theatre attendance began to increase. The next great

Corporations (Research) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporations (Research) - Essay Example Legal responsibility indicates that organizations must fulfill their economic objectives within the legal framework requirements. Ethical responsibility requires the organizations to follow the moral rules. Discretionary responsibility incorporates those activities of an organization that are not mandated, not required by law, and not expected of organizations in an ethical sense (cf. Carroll, 1979, p. 500). For instance, organizations fulfill their discretionary responsibility by providing a day-care center for working mothers. (Maignan and Ferrell, 2000, p. 283) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an approach to business activities encompassing the basic questions relating to the role and purpose organizations play in the society. Central to this approach is the pledge to the so-called triple bottom-line of economic, social and environmental concerns. As per the principle of CSR, business must recognize that they get legitimacy to do business in society and must account for their social and environmental impact accordingly. As the business organizations are operating in the society, so the businesses must give something back to the society. By the same token, it is expected that business concerns will behave responsibly and will not engage in any activities that will cause harm to the society. NGOs and other campaigning organizations are putting pressure on certain Multinational companies, especially those engaged in hazardous activities like biological, mining, chemical and oil sectors. Nevertheless, in spite of the pressure from NGOs , promotion of CSR activities within the business practices of the organizations is also very strong. Some of the advantages for integrating CSR principles encompass reduction of risk, higher satisfaction among employees, low employee turnover and securing long-term financial performance. (Susan, 2003, P. 130) Organizations have noticed that social responsibility is good for their business for, and from, each part of the seven main azimuths within which they carry out their business activities. These parts are their shareholders and potential investors; managers; employees; customers; business partners and contractors or suppliers; the natural environment; and the communities within which they operate, including national governments. (Michael, 2003, P. 4). The social performance of an organization is a very crucial factor for the overall success of a business entity. If an organization engages in activities that adversely affect the environment, the environmentalists will surely speak against the organization that will badly affect the social performance of the organization. Furthermore, poor social performance will drive away potential investors. In today's increasingly competitive business world no business concern will want to loose the confidence of its potential investors. Today consumers avoid what they consider as socially irresponsibly made products or products of businesses that have allegedly not acted in the best interest of the society. (Michael, 2003, P. 3). It stands to reason that no business concern will surely take the risk of loosing its customer by acting against the interest of the s

Benefits of Social Network Marketing for the Business

Benefits of Social Network Marketing for the Business Chapter One Introduction For some marketing managers, the twenty-first century may appear a very strange place indeed. Much of that strangeness comes from the ‘electronification of traditional marketing practices. OConnor et al (2004) said that direct and database marketing might be fairly well understood, but what about the concepts such as social network marketing. This is one of the latest tools available to todays marketing managers. The most popular social network marketing tools are Facebook, Twitter, My Space, LinkedIn, etc., but there are some other different social network marketing methods like blogs, e-mail marketing, video promotion on YouTube and many more. In truth, the migration from traditional marketing to internet marketing is part of a process that has taken place over the past decade. But what is Social network marketing and how it is different from ordinary marketing, advantages and disadvantages of social networking, its impact on other businesses has been researched in this disse rtation. Aim To analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business Objectives Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. Chapter two Research Background The Cumin Restaurant The Anand family have a long and successful history of catering, originating from their home in Nairobi, Kenya. They came to the UK in 1975 and have been in the catering business ever since. Their first restaurant in the UK was The Brilliant, followed by Madhus, both in Middlesex. These were followed by Curry Craze in Wembley, Curry Special in Ilford and Curry Fever in Leicester, all of which are still very successful today. The restaurant capacity is 74 cover over two floors 20 on the ground floor and 54 on the first floor. Being in the city centre, they are also an ideal place to hold business meetings or lunches. (The Cumin Restaurant online, 2011) Chino Latino, Park Plaza Their central Nottingham hotel features Chino Latino, the multi award-winning, on-site restaurant.Chino Latino serves fresh, gourmet Pan-Asian cuisine and Latin-inspired cocktails in a relaxed, modern atmosphere. One of the top Nottingham restaurants, Chino Latino offers a fantastic choice of a la carte, set, tasting and bento box menus. The bar offers an array of exciting cocktails, bottled beers and bar platters in a distinctively Latin atmosphere. Chapter three: Literature Review Introduction A literature review is a survey and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic, and it is usually organised chronologically or thematically. A literature review is written in essay format. It is not a commented bibliography, because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is not a summary; rather, it evaluates previous and current research in regard to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research. (University of Toronto Online, 02.12.2009) Ridley (2009) described literature review as the part of the thesis where there is extensive reference to related research and theory; it is where connections are made between the source texts and the research among these sources. It also refers to the process involved in creating the review that appears in the thesis. The changing media environment The mainstream print and broadcast media have faced major challenges in recent years, with many newspaper titles facing closure and television channels facing shortfalls in revenue. An important reason for this has been migration of significant amount of advertising budgets to online channels. Research by Forrester Jennings (2007) has indicated that audiences and attention is shifting to online channels as 52 per cent of Europeans are regularly online at home. Around 36 per cent of European internet users watch less TV, 28 per cent have reduced their newspaper and magazine reading and 17 per cent have decreased listening to the radios since going online. This shift away from conventional media has been further exacerbated by the recession from 2008 which led many advertisers to cut their budgets, resulting in print and broadcast media receiving a diminishing share of the declining total budget (Jennings, 2007). Online advertising has been the beneficiary of recent changes in the allo cation of advertising budgets, but this general shift hides a number of different formats for communicating with target audience, ranging from mass appeal banner ads placed on frequently visited websites, through to personalised e-mail campaigns in which the message can be uniquely tailored to the requirements of individual target buyers. Social media can be characterised as â€Å"online applications, platforms and media which aim to facilitate interactions, collaborations and the sharing of content† (Universal Maccann International, 2008, p.10). the importance of social network media lies in the interaction between consumers and the community, and in the facilitation of asynchronous, immediate, interactive, low-cost communication† (Miller et al, 2009, p. 306). Social network sites allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system; to articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and to â€Å"view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system† (Boyd and Ellison, 2007, p. 211). On larger social network sites a connection, individuals are typically not looking to meet new people but are more interested in managing relationships by maintaining contacts with old friends who are already part of the extended so cial network (Boyd and Ellison, 2007; Hart et al, 2008). To sum up, social network sites can be seen as alternative communication tools which support existing relationships and activities in a fun and colourful way that can enrich the users experience (Ofcom, 2008). Many social network websites have emerged; attracting distinctive groups on users in terms of their demographics, for example the average age of users of Bebo is lower than for Facebook. Many appeal to communities with specific shared interests. In addition to consumers-oriented social network sites, many professional and trade associations have set up networks to exchange information of particular interest to member, for example the social networking site â€Å"LinkedIn† is particularly aimed at professionals. There is now lot of evidence that social network sites have become mainstream and it has been reported that globally, these sites account for one in every 11 minutes spent online. In the UK, this figure is even higher one in every six minutes (Neilson Company, 2009). Over half (54 per cent) of internet users between 16 and 24 have set up their own page or profile on a social networking site (Ofcom, 2008). The take up of online social media has been at the expense of traditional media, and a study by Ofcom of the media habits of UK 15-24 year olds shows that since using such media for the first time, the amount of time spent reading national newspapers declined by 27 per cent; reading local newspaper by 22 per cent; reading magazines by 21 per cent; listening radio by 15 per cent and watching TV by 13 per cent (Ofcom, 2006). Online social media offers opportunities to connect these hard-to-reach audiences drifting away from traditional media. Social Network Marketing Marketers need to be where their customers and potential customers are, and increasingly this is on social networking sites. Most of their marketers have started using social networks to market their businesses and to gain financial freedom. It also markets and then offers the product or service to the relevant audience and provides significant benefits using the dialogues and personal connections and to gain a wider audience for the product, but according to Scott (2007, p.229), ‘marketing on these sites can be tricky because the online community at social networking sites hates open commercial messages. There are abundant amount of active users across sites like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Hi5; 2.6 billion minutes are spent on Facebook each day (Shih 2009). Social networking has become a rapidly growing global phenomenon spreading across the world. According to Chaffey and Smith (2008) well-run communities on the social networks strengthen relationships, trust and loyalty, as well as maintaining brand awareness in the minds of the community members. Communities also allow a unique opportunity to stay close to customers, their concerns, their worries and their desires. Despite these benefits, building an active community can be time consuming and difficult though cheap. Careful moderation and seeding of topics from a subject expert may be required. An alternative approach is to link up to an established community that has greater independence. Either way social networks are the part of the dynamic dialogue and dynamic opportunities that todays marketer enjoy. Social network networking has many advantages which makes it an interesting and a useful marketing tool for any business. This tool is cheap compared to other methods of advertising, when it comes to costing to reach the target audience. Another advantage is that it is easy to record and review any marketing campaign which makes it easier to analyse the changes that need to be made in service or products. But when we look at the negative side of it, social network marketing has got some disadvantages as well. According to Shih (2009), the biggest drawback of social network marketing is that the business could be the main targets for the detractors and their criticism which would make people who are interested in the business turn off by reading the negative comments. Some of the common disadvantages of social networks are security and safety of the business, violation of copyrights, vulnerable to thefts and scams. (Sethi and Adhikari, 2010) In general, the problem with the social networks is they need frequent updating and it is time consuming as well. Branding on Social Networks Social networking sites offer brands many opportunities for engagement. When brand profiles are created, the brands can exist as â€Å"people† on the sites. Friends can interact with the brands, share information, photos, and videos, and participate in two-way communication. The brand as person enhances the ability of a brand to use conversation marketing. Building a brand persona strengthens brand personality, differentiates brands from competitors, and sets the stage for a perceived relationship. Assuming the brands persona is likable and credible, it can facilitate message internalisation (the process by which a consumer adopts a brand belief as his or her own). (Tuten, 2008) Why would a person â€Å"friend† a brand? There are lots of incentives for friending brands, as explained in the Never Ending Friending report. These include incentive-driven motives like getting invitations to upcoming events, receiving information on sales and special offers and relationship-oriented motives such as a desire to support the company because it offers high quality products, to associate with the brand and its image, and to respond to a friends recommendation about the brand. The value proposition is already in place. (Clifton, 2009) Ultimately, branding on social networking sites promotes brand awareness, brand recall, and, if done well, builds on brand loyalty and brand equity. Social networks offers opportunities for brand promotion and engagement for those brands that learn to leverage the unique attributes of network in question. (Clifton, 2009) However, social networking is not without its flaws. Advertising, even when developed and distributed in superlative online venues, still suffers from the limitations facing all forms of advertising. Clutter is a tremendous distraction for people as they are faced with advertising in and on every imaginable media. Online readers are bombarded with sometimes numerous ads on a single page. With the many display ads, profile components, and widgets visible on social network pages, clutter is an issue. There is also limited inventory for advertising space on the sites. (Tuten, 2008) Social networks offer the greatest benefits to brands when the brands play to a networks culture, developing brand personas and engaging friends in dialogue. However, the workhorse of social network advertising is still the display ad. Unfortunately, display ads are not nearly as effective on social networking sites as they are on other types of websites. Clickthrough rates are much lower. (Clifton, 2009) Marketing in Post Modernism world Postmodernism invites a unique perspective of how to manage marketing and how to understand the consumer. Postmodernism says that social experiences are an interplay of myths which produce regimes of truth and that much of what we understand or believe about the individual, self, freedom, structure and so on is arbitrary and short-lived, fleeting rather than essential and fixed. We need to change our views as the customer changes. â€Å"The main conditions of postmodernism marketing are hyper-reality, fragmentation, reversals of production and consumption, decentring of the subject, paradoxical juxtapositions (of opposites) and loss of commitment.† (Kotler, 2009, p. 27) Ø Hyper-reality: Exemplified by the virtual words of cyberspace and the pseudo worlds of theme parks, hotels and heritage centres, hyper-reality involves the creation of consumption sites and marketing phenomena that ‘more real then real. Here the distinction between reality and fantasy is momentarily blurred. (Kienscherf, 2004) Ø Fragmentation: Marketing in postmodernity is unfailingly fast, furious, frenetic, frenzied, fleeting and hyperactive. (Kotler, 2009) Ø Reversals of production and consumption: Postmodern consumers are active in the production of meaning, of marketing, of consumption. They do rather than have ‘done to them. (Kotler, 2009) Ø Decentring of the subject: Centeredness is where individuals are defined by their occupation, social class, demographics, postcode, and personalities and so on. Postmodernism suggests that this is not so, and that the harder marketers try to pin down the decentred consuming subject the less successful they will be. Ø Paradoxical juxtapositions (of opposites): We have examples of the mixing and matching of opposites and the combination of contradictory styles in the world famous Irish dance show Riverdance or Lord of Rings. (Kienscherf, 2004) Ø Loss of commitment: Growing disillusionment with the delivery of promises and the willingness to try different experiences has resulted in a loss of commitment. The postmodern consumer takes on multiple, sometimes even contradictory projects, to which he/she is marginally and momentarily committed. This is observed in all walks of life: in relationships, in professions, and consumption. Marketing managers experience this when consumer loyalties to brands change. (Kotler, 2009) Customer Perception and satisfaction Customers perceptions of the quality of a service and their overall satisfaction have some observation indicators. Customers may smile when they talk about the product or service. They may say good things about the product or service. Both actions are manifestations or indicators of an underlying construct we might call customer satisfaction. The term customer satisfaction and perception of quality are labels we use to summarise a set of observable actions related to the product or service. (Hayes, 2008) The largest contributor to customer satisfaction, however, is something an organisation cant fully control; the customers perceptions. Whether theyre based in fantasy, fiction, or some other state of unreality, perceptions have the weight of fact. In the business of pleasing customers, perceptions are fact. Perceptions are also wildly inconsistent. Two different customers can consume the exact same product and have radically different perceptions about its quality. The differences may result from expectations each customer brought to the transaction, or they may simply result from varying powers of perception. Moreover, even one customer with consistent expectations might have varying perceptions about a products quality, depending on his or her mood, or stress level, the time of day, the alignment of the planets whatever. Its tempting to conclude that customer satisfaction is whatever the customer happens to think it is at any point in time. (Hayes, 2008) Customer Psychology and behaviour Apruebo (2005) defined consumer Psychology as the study that deals with the activities directly involved in selecting, obtaining, and using products, services and ideas to satisfy needs and desires, including decision process that precede and follow these actions. It is an applied branch of psychology on consumer behaviour. Consumer behaviour is the study of buying units and the exchange processes involved in acquiring, consuming, and disposing of goods, services, experiences and ideas. First and foremost, emerging definition refers to the concept â€Å"an exchange process,† as a fundamental element of consumer behaviour. A consumer is inevitably at one end of an exchange process in which resources are transferred between two parties. (Solomon, 2009) Consumer behaviour is an interesting field of study. Its nature is dynamic and an interactive process. All of us are consumers because our tendency or impulse can direct us to market our everyday purchase decisions in the marketplace or any shopping place. Summary The review also identifies the impact of social network marketing on businesses along with its advantages and the disadvantages. The literature review gives a greater understanding on the chosen topic set out in the aims and objectives, by the comparative study by different authors, and by highlighting areas of research that have not been fully explored. The information found enabled the researcher to come across different theories and ideas that need to be considered so as to proceed further into the research. The limitation that was faced while doing the literature review were that it was sometimes quite difficult to find the information on certain areas of subject as topic being very contemporary and not many books or journals being published on this topic. The upcoming section will be examining methodology, where the usage of different types of research will be discussed in order to gain appropriate and thorough information. Chapter four: Methodology Introduction to methodology The research methodology defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success. It provides advancement of wealth of human knowledge, tools of the trade to carry out research, tools to look at things in life objectively; develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplined thinking to observe objectively; skills of research particularly in the ‘age of information. According to Fisher (2007) methodology is the study of a whole academic field. It is a stepping-back from a subject and a consideration of it at a broader and deeper level. The research methodology is a science that studying how research is done scientifically. It is the way to systematically solve the research problem by logically adopting various steps. Also it defines the way in which the data are collected in a research project. Several different methods are commonly used in research project and it would vary according to the nature of the aim and objective, scope of the topic and thesis and the sources of data which are used. (Jankowicz, 2005) Triangulation Triangulation is the use of multiple methods; usually quantitative and qualitative research, in the study of the study of the same research problem. Triangulation is a complex methodology that usually requires a term of qualitative and quantitative researchers to maintain the integrity of both methodologies. The philosophical basis and assumptions for both quantitative and qualitative research must be maintained when these methodologies are combined, if the findings are to be meaningful. (Grove, 2005) Objective one: Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Marketing managers from two organisations will be interviewed in order to justify the first objective which helped him to have a thorough knowledge of the impact of social network marketing on the businesses. They are very short personal interviews which will mainly offer realistic data which is much appropriate to obtain a detailed vision into the first objective, with the hopefulness of achieving first-hand knowledge or primary data. The questions which are designed will be same to all the marketing managers. The researcher was encouraged by the words of Fisher (2007) that the idea of an interview is straightforward, the interviewer engages in informal conversation with the respondent about a particular area of interest. The interviewer may steer the conversation a little, by picking up on the cues and themes raised by the respondent, but generally the respondent leads the direction of the interview. More comprehensive information can be obtained during an interview, however the co re strength of an interview cannot always be accurate as some interviewees may feel forced into providing better responses, but actually contributing prejudiced data. Some online articles, books and case studies will also be referred to elaborate the impacts of social networking marketing on the businesses. Objective two: Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. The mix of personal and the email interview will the method which will be relevant for second objective and will justify the same. It will be made sure that the format of the questions is simple, easy to understand, concised and precise so that the respondents are able to understand each one of it. There would be around 8 questionnaires in the interview with the mixture of closed and open questionnaire. The difference between closed and open questionnaire is simple. The closed ones have lots of tick boxes for respondents to fill in, whereas open questionnaires allow a free response so that people answer using their own words. (Long, 2007) The second objective which will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the social network marketing, mix of secondary resources like books, internet, journals, case studies etc. may be helpful to the research and to get some elaborated information because some people may feel shy sharing the information during face-to-face interview and questionnaires and therefore giving a good backup to the objective. Objective three: Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. The third objective is to analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing so in order to obtain exceptional outcomes the researcher thinks that it is reasonable to procedure explanatory research, making a precise blend of interviews, statistical data and facts, books and various other methods. The researcher thinks that the information or data relevant to objective three is very limited and hence using a blend of interview, statistics, books etc. is very simple in the growth of knowledge to gain a better understanding. Fisher (2007) thinks that observation is relatively underused method in research hence it will be sensible thing to use this method as it provides good examples and information to illustrate the objective. Observation can be used as a technique to gather quantitative data, and quantitative data may be combined into a participant observation study as it is most commonly associated with qualitative research derived from an ethnographic tradition of studying different peoples way of life (Long, 2007). The researcher would be observing his workplace (Cumin Restaurant) to justify third objective as Facebook community page was made by the researcher so as to observe the effectiveness of the social network marketing. Summary This report has examined some insight into the theoretical outline that constructs the essentials of the methodology. It demonstrates and explains the choice and use of various research methods that are appropriate to the aims and objective of the research project chosen. It is a sound justification of chosen methods, including evidence of secondary data supporting the choice of methods. Alternative methods have been demonstrated confirming malfunction is not a possibility because of external restrictions and limitations. Some objectives are justified by a single method but there are some objectives which required more than one method to justify it. Chapter five: Findings Introduction to aim and objectives This is the largest and probably the most important part this research. This chapter gives an opportunity to discuss the research findings, based on the methods used that were already been discussed in the methodology. These findings are derived from the analyses of statistical data and interviews used for research collection and the measurement of data. Important points of this chapter are linked back to principle ideas in the Literature Review with the evidence obtained in the research. Aim To analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business. Objectives Following are the objectives of the report: Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. Findings from Personal Interview Mr. Sandeep Anand Owner, Manager, The Cumin Restaurant, Nottingham 1. Do you or your business have a profile on any social network? Which? Sandeep: Yes I had a personal profile on Facebook previously but as I came to know that now businesses can make their community page on it as well, I made my business profile. 2. How often do you update your profile? Sandeep:My web designer generally updates my business page which is usually updated once a week. 3. Did it make any difference to your business? Sandeep: Not really at the moment, because the profile is quite new, not many people know that we are in Facebook but I hope as the time passes we will get some customer through it. In my knowledge I have got three costumers giving reference from Facebook. 4. Did anybody recommend you to have a profile on social network? Sandeep: Yes, my web designer recommended me to have one, which I thought is a good idea. 5. If no, then what made you join? 6. Have you identified any business advantage of using Facebook over traditional media? Sandeep:The biggest advantage of using Facebook is there are good choices which you can make according to your budget and if you are not interested to spend any money just make a profile page and dont publish it. But you have to put extra effort to make it more effective. 7. What are the drawbacks of social networks to the business? Sandeep:I have seen some business which has got negative comments which can be viewed by all viewers which is not good for the business. So I think privacy and security is the biggest drawback. 8. Would you recommend anyone to have a business profile on social networks? Why? Sandeep: Yes definitely, because it gives you an edge over other businesses with very little cost and is more effective than the traditional forms of advertising if used effectively. I will highly recommend to the small and medium businesses which are coming into this sector as a fresher with a minimal budget. Findings from Email Interview Ms. Srijana Gurung Restaurant Supervisor (Chino Latino)/Duty Manager, Park Plaza, Nottingham A same set of questions was sent to Ms. Srijana Gurung who is a Restaurant Supervisor and a duty manager in Park Plaza Hotel in Nottingham. Answer 1: Yes I have a personal profile and a profile for my hotels restaurant Chino Latino. My hotel gave me liberty to make a profile page for their restaurant as it is good for their hotels business and for their restaurant as well. Answer 2: I go on to the profile daily just to have a look and to make necessary updates for eg. I introduced a new staff uniform for my restaurants staff, so I have put the pictures of it. Answer 3: Fan following and liking has gained good publicity of our restaurant but we havent measured any difference but I hope it goes well in the future. Answer 4: No, nobody recommended me. Answer 5: It is one of the most upcoming trends of having a profile on the Facebook and in this post recessionary period many businesses have made their pages on Facebook and results are very positive. So I thought of having one for my restaurant. Answer 6: Yes, I am sure there are many advantages of social network marketing over traditional media. They are very cheap, cost efficient, easy to manage and operate and the bst one is they are very contemporary. Answer 7: They take time to show results. There is very less privacy. Anybody can have their profile page on these social networks and even fake profiles can be made and some of these fake profile. Answer 8: Yes absolutely, they are here for us to use and to use efficiently and as they are very cheap they are very affordable but has to be managed properly and updated regularly. But do maintain the businesss privacy level so as to protect from spam and fraud. Statistical Data (Econsultancy, 2010) * Facebookclaimsthat 50% of active users log into the site each day. This would meanat least 175 million users every 24 hours†¦ A considerable increase from the previous 120 million. * Twitternow has75 million user accounts. * LinkedInhas over50 million members worldwide.This means an increase of around 1million members each month since July/August last year. * Facebook currently has in excess of350 million active users on global basis.Six months ago, this was 250 million†¦ meaning around a 40% increase of users in less than half a year. * More than 35 million Facebook users update their status each day. * Wikipediacurrentlyhas in excess of14 million articles, meaning that its 85,000 contributors have written nearly a million new posts in six months. * Photo uploads to Facebook haveincreased by more than 100%.Currently, there are around2.5 billionuploads to the site each month this was around a billion last time I covered this. * There are more than70 translations availableon Facebook. Last time around, this was only 50. * Back in 2009, the average user had 120 friends within Facebook. This is now around 130. * Mobile is even bigger than before for Facebook, withmore than65 million users accessing the site through mobile-based devices.In six months, this is over 100% increase. (Previously Benefits of Social Network Marketing for the Business Benefits of Social Network Marketing for the Business Chapter One Introduction For some marketing managers, the twenty-first century may appear a very strange place indeed. Much of that strangeness comes from the ‘electronification of traditional marketing practices. OConnor et al (2004) said that direct and database marketing might be fairly well understood, but what about the concepts such as social network marketing. This is one of the latest tools available to todays marketing managers. The most popular social network marketing tools are Facebook, Twitter, My Space, LinkedIn, etc., but there are some other different social network marketing methods like blogs, e-mail marketing, video promotion on YouTube and many more. In truth, the migration from traditional marketing to internet marketing is part of a process that has taken place over the past decade. But what is Social network marketing and how it is different from ordinary marketing, advantages and disadvantages of social networking, its impact on other businesses has been researched in this disse rtation. Aim To analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business Objectives Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. Chapter two Research Background The Cumin Restaurant The Anand family have a long and successful history of catering, originating from their home in Nairobi, Kenya. They came to the UK in 1975 and have been in the catering business ever since. Their first restaurant in the UK was The Brilliant, followed by Madhus, both in Middlesex. These were followed by Curry Craze in Wembley, Curry Special in Ilford and Curry Fever in Leicester, all of which are still very successful today. The restaurant capacity is 74 cover over two floors 20 on the ground floor and 54 on the first floor. Being in the city centre, they are also an ideal place to hold business meetings or lunches. (The Cumin Restaurant online, 2011) Chino Latino, Park Plaza Their central Nottingham hotel features Chino Latino, the multi award-winning, on-site restaurant.Chino Latino serves fresh, gourmet Pan-Asian cuisine and Latin-inspired cocktails in a relaxed, modern atmosphere. One of the top Nottingham restaurants, Chino Latino offers a fantastic choice of a la carte, set, tasting and bento box menus. The bar offers an array of exciting cocktails, bottled beers and bar platters in a distinctively Latin atmosphere. Chapter three: Literature Review Introduction A literature review is a survey and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic, and it is usually organised chronologically or thematically. A literature review is written in essay format. It is not a commented bibliography, because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is not a summary; rather, it evaluates previous and current research in regard to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research. (University of Toronto Online, 02.12.2009) Ridley (2009) described literature review as the part of the thesis where there is extensive reference to related research and theory; it is where connections are made between the source texts and the research among these sources. It also refers to the process involved in creating the review that appears in the thesis. The changing media environment The mainstream print and broadcast media have faced major challenges in recent years, with many newspaper titles facing closure and television channels facing shortfalls in revenue. An important reason for this has been migration of significant amount of advertising budgets to online channels. Research by Forrester Jennings (2007) has indicated that audiences and attention is shifting to online channels as 52 per cent of Europeans are regularly online at home. Around 36 per cent of European internet users watch less TV, 28 per cent have reduced their newspaper and magazine reading and 17 per cent have decreased listening to the radios since going online. This shift away from conventional media has been further exacerbated by the recession from 2008 which led many advertisers to cut their budgets, resulting in print and broadcast media receiving a diminishing share of the declining total budget (Jennings, 2007). Online advertising has been the beneficiary of recent changes in the allo cation of advertising budgets, but this general shift hides a number of different formats for communicating with target audience, ranging from mass appeal banner ads placed on frequently visited websites, through to personalised e-mail campaigns in which the message can be uniquely tailored to the requirements of individual target buyers. Social media can be characterised as â€Å"online applications, platforms and media which aim to facilitate interactions, collaborations and the sharing of content† (Universal Maccann International, 2008, p.10). the importance of social network media lies in the interaction between consumers and the community, and in the facilitation of asynchronous, immediate, interactive, low-cost communication† (Miller et al, 2009, p. 306). Social network sites allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system; to articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and to â€Å"view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system† (Boyd and Ellison, 2007, p. 211). On larger social network sites a connection, individuals are typically not looking to meet new people but are more interested in managing relationships by maintaining contacts with old friends who are already part of the extended so cial network (Boyd and Ellison, 2007; Hart et al, 2008). To sum up, social network sites can be seen as alternative communication tools which support existing relationships and activities in a fun and colourful way that can enrich the users experience (Ofcom, 2008). Many social network websites have emerged; attracting distinctive groups on users in terms of their demographics, for example the average age of users of Bebo is lower than for Facebook. Many appeal to communities with specific shared interests. In addition to consumers-oriented social network sites, many professional and trade associations have set up networks to exchange information of particular interest to member, for example the social networking site â€Å"LinkedIn† is particularly aimed at professionals. There is now lot of evidence that social network sites have become mainstream and it has been reported that globally, these sites account for one in every 11 minutes spent online. In the UK, this figure is even higher one in every six minutes (Neilson Company, 2009). Over half (54 per cent) of internet users between 16 and 24 have set up their own page or profile on a social networking site (Ofcom, 2008). The take up of online social media has been at the expense of traditional media, and a study by Ofcom of the media habits of UK 15-24 year olds shows that since using such media for the first time, the amount of time spent reading national newspapers declined by 27 per cent; reading local newspaper by 22 per cent; reading magazines by 21 per cent; listening radio by 15 per cent and watching TV by 13 per cent (Ofcom, 2006). Online social media offers opportunities to connect these hard-to-reach audiences drifting away from traditional media. Social Network Marketing Marketers need to be where their customers and potential customers are, and increasingly this is on social networking sites. Most of their marketers have started using social networks to market their businesses and to gain financial freedom. It also markets and then offers the product or service to the relevant audience and provides significant benefits using the dialogues and personal connections and to gain a wider audience for the product, but according to Scott (2007, p.229), ‘marketing on these sites can be tricky because the online community at social networking sites hates open commercial messages. There are abundant amount of active users across sites like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Hi5; 2.6 billion minutes are spent on Facebook each day (Shih 2009). Social networking has become a rapidly growing global phenomenon spreading across the world. According to Chaffey and Smith (2008) well-run communities on the social networks strengthen relationships, trust and loyalty, as well as maintaining brand awareness in the minds of the community members. Communities also allow a unique opportunity to stay close to customers, their concerns, their worries and their desires. Despite these benefits, building an active community can be time consuming and difficult though cheap. Careful moderation and seeding of topics from a subject expert may be required. An alternative approach is to link up to an established community that has greater independence. Either way social networks are the part of the dynamic dialogue and dynamic opportunities that todays marketer enjoy. Social network networking has many advantages which makes it an interesting and a useful marketing tool for any business. This tool is cheap compared to other methods of advertising, when it comes to costing to reach the target audience. Another advantage is that it is easy to record and review any marketing campaign which makes it easier to analyse the changes that need to be made in service or products. But when we look at the negative side of it, social network marketing has got some disadvantages as well. According to Shih (2009), the biggest drawback of social network marketing is that the business could be the main targets for the detractors and their criticism which would make people who are interested in the business turn off by reading the negative comments. Some of the common disadvantages of social networks are security and safety of the business, violation of copyrights, vulnerable to thefts and scams. (Sethi and Adhikari, 2010) In general, the problem with the social networks is they need frequent updating and it is time consuming as well. Branding on Social Networks Social networking sites offer brands many opportunities for engagement. When brand profiles are created, the brands can exist as â€Å"people† on the sites. Friends can interact with the brands, share information, photos, and videos, and participate in two-way communication. The brand as person enhances the ability of a brand to use conversation marketing. Building a brand persona strengthens brand personality, differentiates brands from competitors, and sets the stage for a perceived relationship. Assuming the brands persona is likable and credible, it can facilitate message internalisation (the process by which a consumer adopts a brand belief as his or her own). (Tuten, 2008) Why would a person â€Å"friend† a brand? There are lots of incentives for friending brands, as explained in the Never Ending Friending report. These include incentive-driven motives like getting invitations to upcoming events, receiving information on sales and special offers and relationship-oriented motives such as a desire to support the company because it offers high quality products, to associate with the brand and its image, and to respond to a friends recommendation about the brand. The value proposition is already in place. (Clifton, 2009) Ultimately, branding on social networking sites promotes brand awareness, brand recall, and, if done well, builds on brand loyalty and brand equity. Social networks offers opportunities for brand promotion and engagement for those brands that learn to leverage the unique attributes of network in question. (Clifton, 2009) However, social networking is not without its flaws. Advertising, even when developed and distributed in superlative online venues, still suffers from the limitations facing all forms of advertising. Clutter is a tremendous distraction for people as they are faced with advertising in and on every imaginable media. Online readers are bombarded with sometimes numerous ads on a single page. With the many display ads, profile components, and widgets visible on social network pages, clutter is an issue. There is also limited inventory for advertising space on the sites. (Tuten, 2008) Social networks offer the greatest benefits to brands when the brands play to a networks culture, developing brand personas and engaging friends in dialogue. However, the workhorse of social network advertising is still the display ad. Unfortunately, display ads are not nearly as effective on social networking sites as they are on other types of websites. Clickthrough rates are much lower. (Clifton, 2009) Marketing in Post Modernism world Postmodernism invites a unique perspective of how to manage marketing and how to understand the consumer. Postmodernism says that social experiences are an interplay of myths which produce regimes of truth and that much of what we understand or believe about the individual, self, freedom, structure and so on is arbitrary and short-lived, fleeting rather than essential and fixed. We need to change our views as the customer changes. â€Å"The main conditions of postmodernism marketing are hyper-reality, fragmentation, reversals of production and consumption, decentring of the subject, paradoxical juxtapositions (of opposites) and loss of commitment.† (Kotler, 2009, p. 27) Ø Hyper-reality: Exemplified by the virtual words of cyberspace and the pseudo worlds of theme parks, hotels and heritage centres, hyper-reality involves the creation of consumption sites and marketing phenomena that ‘more real then real. Here the distinction between reality and fantasy is momentarily blurred. (Kienscherf, 2004) Ø Fragmentation: Marketing in postmodernity is unfailingly fast, furious, frenetic, frenzied, fleeting and hyperactive. (Kotler, 2009) Ø Reversals of production and consumption: Postmodern consumers are active in the production of meaning, of marketing, of consumption. They do rather than have ‘done to them. (Kotler, 2009) Ø Decentring of the subject: Centeredness is where individuals are defined by their occupation, social class, demographics, postcode, and personalities and so on. Postmodernism suggests that this is not so, and that the harder marketers try to pin down the decentred consuming subject the less successful they will be. Ø Paradoxical juxtapositions (of opposites): We have examples of the mixing and matching of opposites and the combination of contradictory styles in the world famous Irish dance show Riverdance or Lord of Rings. (Kienscherf, 2004) Ø Loss of commitment: Growing disillusionment with the delivery of promises and the willingness to try different experiences has resulted in a loss of commitment. The postmodern consumer takes on multiple, sometimes even contradictory projects, to which he/she is marginally and momentarily committed. This is observed in all walks of life: in relationships, in professions, and consumption. Marketing managers experience this when consumer loyalties to brands change. (Kotler, 2009) Customer Perception and satisfaction Customers perceptions of the quality of a service and their overall satisfaction have some observation indicators. Customers may smile when they talk about the product or service. They may say good things about the product or service. Both actions are manifestations or indicators of an underlying construct we might call customer satisfaction. The term customer satisfaction and perception of quality are labels we use to summarise a set of observable actions related to the product or service. (Hayes, 2008) The largest contributor to customer satisfaction, however, is something an organisation cant fully control; the customers perceptions. Whether theyre based in fantasy, fiction, or some other state of unreality, perceptions have the weight of fact. In the business of pleasing customers, perceptions are fact. Perceptions are also wildly inconsistent. Two different customers can consume the exact same product and have radically different perceptions about its quality. The differences may result from expectations each customer brought to the transaction, or they may simply result from varying powers of perception. Moreover, even one customer with consistent expectations might have varying perceptions about a products quality, depending on his or her mood, or stress level, the time of day, the alignment of the planets whatever. Its tempting to conclude that customer satisfaction is whatever the customer happens to think it is at any point in time. (Hayes, 2008) Customer Psychology and behaviour Apruebo (2005) defined consumer Psychology as the study that deals with the activities directly involved in selecting, obtaining, and using products, services and ideas to satisfy needs and desires, including decision process that precede and follow these actions. It is an applied branch of psychology on consumer behaviour. Consumer behaviour is the study of buying units and the exchange processes involved in acquiring, consuming, and disposing of goods, services, experiences and ideas. First and foremost, emerging definition refers to the concept â€Å"an exchange process,† as a fundamental element of consumer behaviour. A consumer is inevitably at one end of an exchange process in which resources are transferred between two parties. (Solomon, 2009) Consumer behaviour is an interesting field of study. Its nature is dynamic and an interactive process. All of us are consumers because our tendency or impulse can direct us to market our everyday purchase decisions in the marketplace or any shopping place. Summary The review also identifies the impact of social network marketing on businesses along with its advantages and the disadvantages. The literature review gives a greater understanding on the chosen topic set out in the aims and objectives, by the comparative study by different authors, and by highlighting areas of research that have not been fully explored. The information found enabled the researcher to come across different theories and ideas that need to be considered so as to proceed further into the research. The limitation that was faced while doing the literature review were that it was sometimes quite difficult to find the information on certain areas of subject as topic being very contemporary and not many books or journals being published on this topic. The upcoming section will be examining methodology, where the usage of different types of research will be discussed in order to gain appropriate and thorough information. Chapter four: Methodology Introduction to methodology The research methodology defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success. It provides advancement of wealth of human knowledge, tools of the trade to carry out research, tools to look at things in life objectively; develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplined thinking to observe objectively; skills of research particularly in the ‘age of information. According to Fisher (2007) methodology is the study of a whole academic field. It is a stepping-back from a subject and a consideration of it at a broader and deeper level. The research methodology is a science that studying how research is done scientifically. It is the way to systematically solve the research problem by logically adopting various steps. Also it defines the way in which the data are collected in a research project. Several different methods are commonly used in research project and it would vary according to the nature of the aim and objective, scope of the topic and thesis and the sources of data which are used. (Jankowicz, 2005) Triangulation Triangulation is the use of multiple methods; usually quantitative and qualitative research, in the study of the study of the same research problem. Triangulation is a complex methodology that usually requires a term of qualitative and quantitative researchers to maintain the integrity of both methodologies. The philosophical basis and assumptions for both quantitative and qualitative research must be maintained when these methodologies are combined, if the findings are to be meaningful. (Grove, 2005) Objective one: Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Marketing managers from two organisations will be interviewed in order to justify the first objective which helped him to have a thorough knowledge of the impact of social network marketing on the businesses. They are very short personal interviews which will mainly offer realistic data which is much appropriate to obtain a detailed vision into the first objective, with the hopefulness of achieving first-hand knowledge or primary data. The questions which are designed will be same to all the marketing managers. The researcher was encouraged by the words of Fisher (2007) that the idea of an interview is straightforward, the interviewer engages in informal conversation with the respondent about a particular area of interest. The interviewer may steer the conversation a little, by picking up on the cues and themes raised by the respondent, but generally the respondent leads the direction of the interview. More comprehensive information can be obtained during an interview, however the co re strength of an interview cannot always be accurate as some interviewees may feel forced into providing better responses, but actually contributing prejudiced data. Some online articles, books and case studies will also be referred to elaborate the impacts of social networking marketing on the businesses. Objective two: Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. The mix of personal and the email interview will the method which will be relevant for second objective and will justify the same. It will be made sure that the format of the questions is simple, easy to understand, concised and precise so that the respondents are able to understand each one of it. There would be around 8 questionnaires in the interview with the mixture of closed and open questionnaire. The difference between closed and open questionnaire is simple. The closed ones have lots of tick boxes for respondents to fill in, whereas open questionnaires allow a free response so that people answer using their own words. (Long, 2007) The second objective which will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the social network marketing, mix of secondary resources like books, internet, journals, case studies etc. may be helpful to the research and to get some elaborated information because some people may feel shy sharing the information during face-to-face interview and questionnaires and therefore giving a good backup to the objective. Objective three: Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. The third objective is to analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing so in order to obtain exceptional outcomes the researcher thinks that it is reasonable to procedure explanatory research, making a precise blend of interviews, statistical data and facts, books and various other methods. The researcher thinks that the information or data relevant to objective three is very limited and hence using a blend of interview, statistics, books etc. is very simple in the growth of knowledge to gain a better understanding. Fisher (2007) thinks that observation is relatively underused method in research hence it will be sensible thing to use this method as it provides good examples and information to illustrate the objective. Observation can be used as a technique to gather quantitative data, and quantitative data may be combined into a participant observation study as it is most commonly associated with qualitative research derived from an ethnographic tradition of studying different peoples way of life (Long, 2007). The researcher would be observing his workplace (Cumin Restaurant) to justify third objective as Facebook community page was made by the researcher so as to observe the effectiveness of the social network marketing. Summary This report has examined some insight into the theoretical outline that constructs the essentials of the methodology. It demonstrates and explains the choice and use of various research methods that are appropriate to the aims and objective of the research project chosen. It is a sound justification of chosen methods, including evidence of secondary data supporting the choice of methods. Alternative methods have been demonstrated confirming malfunction is not a possibility because of external restrictions and limitations. Some objectives are justified by a single method but there are some objectives which required more than one method to justify it. Chapter five: Findings Introduction to aim and objectives This is the largest and probably the most important part this research. This chapter gives an opportunity to discuss the research findings, based on the methods used that were already been discussed in the methodology. These findings are derived from the analyses of statistical data and interviews used for research collection and the measurement of data. Important points of this chapter are linked back to principle ideas in the Literature Review with the evidence obtained in the research. Aim To analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business. Objectives Following are the objectives of the report: Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. Findings from Personal Interview Mr. Sandeep Anand Owner, Manager, The Cumin Restaurant, Nottingham 1. Do you or your business have a profile on any social network? Which? Sandeep: Yes I had a personal profile on Facebook previously but as I came to know that now businesses can make their community page on it as well, I made my business profile. 2. How often do you update your profile? Sandeep:My web designer generally updates my business page which is usually updated once a week. 3. Did it make any difference to your business? Sandeep: Not really at the moment, because the profile is quite new, not many people know that we are in Facebook but I hope as the time passes we will get some customer through it. In my knowledge I have got three costumers giving reference from Facebook. 4. Did anybody recommend you to have a profile on social network? Sandeep: Yes, my web designer recommended me to have one, which I thought is a good idea. 5. If no, then what made you join? 6. Have you identified any business advantage of using Facebook over traditional media? Sandeep:The biggest advantage of using Facebook is there are good choices which you can make according to your budget and if you are not interested to spend any money just make a profile page and dont publish it. But you have to put extra effort to make it more effective. 7. What are the drawbacks of social networks to the business? Sandeep:I have seen some business which has got negative comments which can be viewed by all viewers which is not good for the business. So I think privacy and security is the biggest drawback. 8. Would you recommend anyone to have a business profile on social networks? Why? Sandeep: Yes definitely, because it gives you an edge over other businesses with very little cost and is more effective than the traditional forms of advertising if used effectively. I will highly recommend to the small and medium businesses which are coming into this sector as a fresher with a minimal budget. Findings from Email Interview Ms. Srijana Gurung Restaurant Supervisor (Chino Latino)/Duty Manager, Park Plaza, Nottingham A same set of questions was sent to Ms. Srijana Gurung who is a Restaurant Supervisor and a duty manager in Park Plaza Hotel in Nottingham. Answer 1: Yes I have a personal profile and a profile for my hotels restaurant Chino Latino. My hotel gave me liberty to make a profile page for their restaurant as it is good for their hotels business and for their restaurant as well. Answer 2: I go on to the profile daily just to have a look and to make necessary updates for eg. I introduced a new staff uniform for my restaurants staff, so I have put the pictures of it. Answer 3: Fan following and liking has gained good publicity of our restaurant but we havent measured any difference but I hope it goes well in the future. Answer 4: No, nobody recommended me. Answer 5: It is one of the most upcoming trends of having a profile on the Facebook and in this post recessionary period many businesses have made their pages on Facebook and results are very positive. So I thought of having one for my restaurant. Answer 6: Yes, I am sure there are many advantages of social network marketing over traditional media. They are very cheap, cost efficient, easy to manage and operate and the bst one is they are very contemporary. Answer 7: They take time to show results. There is very less privacy. Anybody can have their profile page on these social networks and even fake profiles can be made and some of these fake profile. Answer 8: Yes absolutely, they are here for us to use and to use efficiently and as they are very cheap they are very affordable but has to be managed properly and updated regularly. But do maintain the businesss privacy level so as to protect from spam and fraud. Statistical Data (Econsultancy, 2010) * Facebookclaimsthat 50% of active users log into the site each day. This would meanat least 175 million users every 24 hours†¦ A considerable increase from the previous 120 million. * Twitternow has75 million user accounts. * LinkedInhas over50 million members worldwide.This means an increase of around 1million members each month since July/August last year. * Facebook currently has in excess of350 million active users on global basis.Six months ago, this was 250 million†¦ meaning around a 40% increase of users in less than half a year. * More than 35 million Facebook users update their status each day. * Wikipediacurrentlyhas in excess of14 million articles, meaning that its 85,000 contributors have written nearly a million new posts in six months. * Photo uploads to Facebook haveincreased by more than 100%.Currently, there are around2.5 billionuploads to the site each month this was around a billion last time I covered this. * There are more than70 translations availableon Facebook. Last time around, this was only 50. * Back in 2009, the average user had 120 friends within Facebook. This is now around 130. * Mobile is even bigger than before for Facebook, withmore than65 million users accessing the site through mobile-based devices.In six months, this is over 100% increase. (Previously